Even before Francisco Pizarro set foot in South America, the people, wealth, natural resources, and social organization of the prehispanic Andes were already being documented in text. The earliest known document of this kind, the Sámano account, was copied into the Spanish royal record by Juan de Sámano around 1528. By recounting the first European explorations in the region, the Sámano account established a tradition of recording and collating information about the Andes in written...